Since 1999, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has awarded approximately $9 billion to 50 states, four directly funded localities and eight territories and freely associated states through the Public Health Emergency Preparedness (PHEP) cooperative agreement, one of the largest sources of funding for state and local public health preparedness. The Applied Science and Evaluation Branch (ASEB) in the Division of State and Local Readiness (DSLR) in CDC’s Office of Public Health Preparedness and Response (OPHPR) is responsible for developing and implementing a standardized set of relevant, feasible, and useful performance measures and other evaluation strategies as part of the PHEP cooperative agreement, with a primary emphasis on program improvement and accountability.